You'll probably want to make use of some existing toolkit as writing everything from scratch is very time consuming and far less effective (unless your goal is really to learn the core natural language processing concepts).
From the list of such toolkits below I would say that FreeLing is probably the preferred one for you as it seems to have the lowest entry barrier among free C++ choices. If you would reconsider going with Java or Python there are many other toolkits that are easier to learn and even some nice beginner books and tutorials.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...ssing_toolkits